Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), often referred to as "Lou Gehrig's Disease," is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and the spinal cord. Motor neurons reach from the brain to the spinal cord and from the spinal cord to the muscles throughout the body. The progressive degeneration of the motor neurons in ALS eventually leads to their death. When the motor neurons die, the ability of the brain to initiate and control muscle movement is lost. With voluntary muscle action progressively affected, patients in the later stages of the disease may become totally paralyzed.

病因

肌萎缩侧索硬化症通常以手肌无力、萎缩为首发症状，一般从一侧开始以后在波及对侧，随病程发展出现上、下运动神经元混合损害症状，称肌萎缩侧索硬化症。一般上肢的下运动神经元损害较重，但肌张力可增高，腱反射可活跃，并有病理反射，当下运动神经元严重受损时，上肢的上运动神经元损害症状可被掩盖。